MALE INFERTILITY TESTING

In male infertility assessments, a semen analysis, ideally on the third or for day of abstinence (no sexual activity), is the first step. The capacity of the sperm to fertilize the egg is measured through a sperm sample which reveals parameters like; sperm count, concentration, motility, morphology, round cell count, pH and more. Without a doubt, some other tests might be required as well depending on patient's personal history of infertility, testing and or treatment

The WHO criteria for normal sperm values is listed as follows;

Volume: > 2.0 ml

Concentration: >20 million/ml

Motility: > 50%

Morphology: >30% with normal morphology

White Blood Cells (Round Cells): < 1 million/ml

pH: 7.2-7.8

Please feel free to contact us in case you need any further assistance. We will be glad to help. 

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Male Infertility - Causes and Investigation

Two main factors that affect infertility in men are either caused by problems making sperm or problems with the sperm's ability to reach the egg and fertilize it. In some cases, a man is born with the problems that affect his sperm. Other times, problems occur later in life because of illness or injury. Additionally some factors such as; alcohol, drugs, cigarette smoking, medicines, health problems may reduce sperm number and/or quality.

In order to understand the cause and severity of the problem, a semen analysis would show crucial parameters such as sperm volume and sperm count. However, having enough sperm cells is not sufficient. They also need to have a certain level of motility. Similarly, sperm morphology is another very important factor.

Sometimes, even if sperm production is not sufficient enough, minor surgical procedures like TESA and MESA can be used to retrieve sperm. In other cases where no sperm can be found or the quality is considerably low, donor sperm usage becomes the only alternative.

For more information please see IVF with Sperm Donation - http://goo.gl/DLRhel

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www.egg-donor-ivf.co.uk

Azoospermia and Surgical Sperm Extraction Methods

One of the main factors of infertility is Azoospermia and has been estimated to effect 15% of all male infertility cases.

This factor which is in essence the complete absence of live sperm cells in the ejaculation can be split into two groups : obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. The former suggests that there is a blockage along the sperm delivery system as where the latter suggests a problem in the production of sperm. 

The reasons behind this can be due to testicular failure but further investigation should be carried out by a urologist for a full diagnosis. 

We offer a few different options for treatment in such cases including : 

PESA - Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
MESA - Micro Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
TESE - Testicular Sperm Extraction

The diagram below shows how each of the surgical sperm retrieval methods are administered:

Please click on the link below for further detailed information
http://www.lowcostivf.net/tese-microtese-tesa-surgical-sperm-extraction.htm#.U0BlAlG1Zck


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www.lowcostivf.net
www.gender-selection-ivf.co.uk
www.egg-donor-ivf.co.uk

Sperm Donation

1- Who is a good candidate for sperm donation?
Patients with male factor infertility such as azoospermia or other sperm defects, or males with prior cancer treatment are potential candidates for sperm donor IVF treatment. Patients with genetic disorders that inhibit sperm production or patients with high risks of passing genetic disorders onto their children are also good candidates for sperm donation. Prior to sperm donation, we offer our patients the option of a surgical sperm retrieval option where sperm is retrieved surgically from within the testes to see if any live sperm cells can be found that may not make it to the ejaculate.

Single female patients who do not wish to seek treatment with a partner are also good candidates for our sperm donor IVF treatment program.
 

2- Who are your sperm donors?
The sperm we use come from an international sperm bank with their certificates. We only use certified sperm as certification process requires an extensive testing on the sperm to be repeated at certain intervals. This way, we can guarantee our patients that there are no testable defects on the sperm used in the IVF process.

3- What are your success rate with sperm donation?
Success rates with sperm donation tend to vary depending on the age and hormone profile of the female patient. If the female patient is young with a good hormone profile, then the success rates will be considerably high. However, women after 35 years of age tend to experience a decline in their fertility levels, therefore, the success rates tend to decline. For more information on our success rates, please view our 2011 success statistics page.

4- What is the cost of sperm donor IVF at North Cyprus IVF Clinic?
For a comprehensive cost information with alternative accommodation packages, please contact us using the contact form.
 

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Sperm Retrieval

The usual way of producing sperm for use in Assisted Reproductive Technology is manual stimulation.  In cases where medical or religious factors prevent this, surgical methods can be used:

PESA
PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) is a method, performed under local anesthesia, which involves extracting sperm with a fine needle from the epididymis or testes.  The sperm is then implanted into the egg through the process of ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) to be used in IVF.

TESA & TESE

In cases where the epididymis does not contain any sperm, because of impaired sperm production, the method of TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) or TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) may be used.  TESE involves a surgical biopsy of the testis, while TESA is performed by sticking a needle into the testis and aspirating fluid and tissue with negative pressure.

MESA The most invasive of the surgical sperm retrieval procedures is MESA (micro-epididymal sperm aspiration), which is performed under general anesthesia. MESA involves the cutting open of the scrotum to retrieve sperm. The wound is closed with dissolvable stitches. Swelling and pain subsides within a few days, during which prescribed painkillers may be taken to ease the pain...

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Male Infertility Problems

 Infertility in men is most often caused by:

1- Problems making sperm, which means producing too few sperm or none at all

2- Problems with the sperm's ability to reach the egg and fertilize it, which could be the case where abnormal sperm shape or structure prevent it from moving correctly

Sometimes a man is born with the problems that affect his sperm. Other times problems start later in life due to illness or injury. For example, cystic fibrosis often causes infertility in men. The number and quality of a man's sperm can also be affected by his overall health and lifestyle. Some things that may reduce sperm number and/or quality include:

- alcohol

- drugs

- environmental toxins, including pesticides and lead

- smoking cigarettes

- health problems

- medicines

-radiation treatment and chemotherapy for cancer

-age

In some cases, even if sperm production is not sufficient enough to produce sperm through ejaculation, minor surgical procedures like TESA and MESA can be used to retrieve the sperm. In the cases where the sperm is unable to reach and fertilize the egg, ICSI is used for assisted fertilization. In other cases where no sperm can be found or the quality is exceptionally low, using donor sperm becomes the only alternative.

Semen Analysis

With the aid of a semen analysis, sperm can  be categorized in the following groups:

Azoospermia: Nearly or no live sperm cells in semen

Oligospermia: Low count of live sperm cells

Asthenospermia: Low motility

Terathospermia: Low morphology

Fertile: No problems with count, motility or morphology

Sub-Fertile: Slight male factor infertility.

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www.northcyprusivf.com 
www.gender-selection-ivf.co.uk 
www.egg-donor-ivf.co.uk