MALE INFERTILITY TESTING

In male infertility assessments, a semen analysis, ideally on the third or for day of abstinence (no sexual activity), is the first step. The capacity of the sperm to fertilize the egg is measured through a sperm sample which reveals parameters like; sperm count, concentration, motility, morphology, round cell count, pH and more. Without a doubt, some other tests might be required as well depending on patient's personal history of infertility, testing and or treatment

The WHO criteria for normal sperm values is listed as follows;

Volume: > 2.0 ml

Concentration: >20 million/ml

Motility: > 50%

Morphology: >30% with normal morphology

White Blood Cells (Round Cells): < 1 million/ml

pH: 7.2-7.8

Please feel free to contact us in case you need any further assistance. We will be glad to help. 

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Repeated IVF Failures & Further Investigation

Without a doubt, IVF failures are one of the most frustrating occasions for a couple throughout their IVF path. Especially when they aren't fully informed about the reasons behind a number of failed IVF attempts, it may even lead to depression.
North Cyprus IVF pays extreme attention on this issue. In case of a failed trial, our patients are subject to
go through a complete analysis before their next IVF attempt in order to rule out some known possibilities. Additionally, if consequent results are not satisfying enough, some other factors are considered and observed in detail.

Some of the exigent factors that cause for IVF implantation failure can be cited as follows;

Uterine Infection

It is highly believed that infection of the uterine cavity with bacteria may result in an inhospitable environment and therefore may cause a failure of embryos to implant. Similarly, some other infectious diseases such as; CMV, IgG, Chlamydia etc. should be examined within this framework. Generally, antibiotics are used for infection treatments.

Immune factors

In some circumstances, the immune system is suspected to perceive the embryo as a foreign entity. Hence, it rejects the implantation of embryos.

Thrombophilias

Based on large scale investigations and researches, the existence of thrombophilias in women is associated with the risk of miscarriage. Furthermore, some researches even indicate the relation between thrombophilias and implant failures.

Although these factors can not be presented as a complete list of causes behind IVF failures, they are accepted as main contributors. However, for a much better personal assessment some specific analysis are needed to be performed with all aspects and conditions included.


If you have any specific questions or answers regarding the type of procedure you are interested in, please, do not forget to check our "Frequently Asked Questions" section. And please, do not hesitate to use our contact form for any more information.

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Male Infertility - Causes and Investigation

Two main factors that affect infertility in men are either caused by problems making sperm or problems with the sperm's ability to reach the egg and fertilize it. In some cases, a man is born with the problems that affect his sperm. Other times, problems occur later in life because of illness or injury. Additionally some factors such as; alcohol, drugs, cigarette smoking, medicines, health problems may reduce sperm number and/or quality.

In order to understand the cause and severity of the problem, a semen analysis would show crucial parameters such as sperm volume and sperm count. However, having enough sperm cells is not sufficient. They also need to have a certain level of motility. Similarly, sperm morphology is another very important factor.

Sometimes, even if sperm production is not sufficient enough, minor surgical procedures like TESA and MESA can be used to retrieve sperm. In other cases where no sperm can be found or the quality is considerably low, donor sperm usage becomes the only alternative.

For more information please see IVF with Sperm Donation - http://goo.gl/DLRhel

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Sperm Retrieval

The usual way of producing sperm for use in Assisted Reproductive Technology is manual stimulation.  In cases where medical or religious factors prevent this, surgical methods can be used:

PESA
PESA (percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration) is a method, performed under local anesthesia, which involves extracting sperm with a fine needle from the epididymis or testes.  The sperm is then implanted into the egg through the process of ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) to be used in IVF.

TESA & TESE

In cases where the epididymis does not contain any sperm, because of impaired sperm production, the method of TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) or TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) may be used.  TESE involves a surgical biopsy of the testis, while TESA is performed by sticking a needle into the testis and aspirating fluid and tissue with negative pressure.

MESA The most invasive of the surgical sperm retrieval procedures is MESA (micro-epididymal sperm aspiration), which is performed under general anesthesia. MESA involves the cutting open of the scrotum to retrieve sperm. The wound is closed with dissolvable stitches. Swelling and pain subsides within a few days, during which prescribed painkillers may be taken to ease the pain...

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