Cryopreservation

Oocyte Freezing

Recent advances in the In Vitro Fertilization process have now allowed us to successfully freeze, store and later thaw and fertilize cryopreserved human eggs. Oocyte cryopreservation is aimed at three particular groups of women: those diagnosed with cancer who have not yet begun chemoterapy or radioteraphy; those undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technologies who do not consider embryo freezing an option; and those who would like to preserve their future ability to have children, either because they do not yet have a partner, are not ready to have a baby yet but would like to keep this option for future, or for other personal or medical reasons.

The egg-retrieval process for oocyte cryopreservation is the same as that for in vitro fertilization. This includes several weeks of hormone injections and hormonal contraception in order to stop ovulation, followed by more hormone injections to stimulate ovaries and ripen multiple eggs. When the eggs have matured, additional hormone is given and the eggs are removed with an ultrasound-guided needle through the vagina. The procedure is conducted under sedation. The eggs are immediately frozen.

Frozen eggs can be stored for as long as the patient wishes, but this must be stated precisely, otherwise, frozen eggs that are not used within a two-year period are discharged.

Embryo Freezing

Embryo Cryopreservation (embryo freezing) is the freezing of "excess" embryos for use in future IVF cycles. This option is often explored by couples undergoing IVF treatment where the excess embryos that will not be transferred into the uterus are frozen for future use if the IVF attempt fails. Even when the IVF attempt does not fail and the couple is able to conceive, the frozen embryos can be used for the second pregnancy. The major advantage to using cryopreserved embryos in future IVF cycles is that the female does not have to undergo ovulation induction, which also dramatically reduces medication cost. Success rates are variable depending on patient characteristics and embryo quality.
 

This could also be an option for couples who do not wish to get pregnant immediately but would like to prepare their embryos in advance for future use. This way, they can avoid lower success rates of conception at older age. 

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